ạ wkạtm ạlḵwt ltʿạml mʿ ạ̉nḥmẗ sḥb ạlhwạʾ wạlʿạdm ʿly̱̱ ạ̉sạs Ḷmạn Ḹrwf ạlthwyẗ lwḥldẗ ạqẗ ạlẖkẖrạj. ạlṭryqẗ ạlạ̉sạsyẗ ltqlyl ạlḍwẖạʾ ạlṣạdrẗ ʿn mjmwʿẗ ạlmwldẗ hy ạlbdʾ mn mẵdr ạlẵwt ạmạstạst. tqlyl ạlẖwẖạʾ ạltqlydyẗ.
- tḥlyl mṣạdr ạlḍwẖạʾ lmwldạt ạldyzl
1.1 ạlẖwẖạʾ ạldynạmykyẗ ạlhwạẗyẗ
ạạtẖnạʾ tsẖgyl wḥdẗ ạldyzl, yjdy ạṭṷrạb ạlhwạʾ ạ̉ly̱ ḭdwtẫ ạwạạ̉ byn mḵdr ạlḵwt wwạl. ysẖʿ hdẖạ ạlnwʿ mn ạlẖwẖạʾ mbạsẖrẗ ạ̱ly̱ ạlkẖạrj, wʿḻ wjh ạltḥdyd: ạm ạ̉ạdmḵ ạlhwạʾ, wḶjyj dwrạn mrwḥẗ tbryd mḥrk ạldyzl.
(1) ضjyj nạm ạlʿạdm. mṣdr ạlḍwẖạʾ ạlạ̉ktẖr mbạsẖrẗ lmjmwʿạt mwldạt ạldyzl hw ạlḶwẖạʾ ạlnạtjẗ ʿn nạm ạlʿạdm. hdẖh ạlḍwẖạʾ ʿạlyẗ ạlktẖạfẗ nsbyqạ why ạ̉ʿly̱ bḥwạly 10 ~ 15 dysybl (ạ) mn ạlẖyj ạlmḥạdk. ạạtẖnạʾ tsẖgyl mjmwʿẗ ạlmwldạt, yjb tfrygẖ gẖạzạt ạlʿạdam dẖạt drjẗ ạlḥrạrẗ ạlʿạlyẗ wạlạlẖ mstmr. wfqạ lḥạlẗ tsẖgyl mjmwʿẗ ạlmwldạt, fạn nḸạm ạlʿạdm ldyh mrḥltyn mn ạlʿạdm, whmạ ạlḥʿạdmạ ạlmwldạt wạlʿạdm ạlqsry lmjmwʿẗ ạlmwldạt. ʿndmạ ytm tfrygẖ gạz ạlʿạdm mn mjmwʿẗ ạlmwldạt mn ạmạm ạlʿạdm, fấnh swf ytdf mn ạlʿnạbwbw ạlṣwt, wạạạdm ạlkẖlfy. ạạtẖnạʾ ʿmlyẗ ạlʿạdm bạ̉kmlhạ, sitm tulyd kamyẗ kbyrẗ mn ạạʾ ạlʿạdm, wạlty tʿd ạlạmạd llḶwḶạʾ ạlḵạdrẗ ʿn mjmwʿạt mwldạt ạldyzl. tm tḥlyl ạlḍwḶạʾ ạlnạtjẗ ạtẖnạʾ ʿmlyẗ ạlʿạdm wtbyn ạ̉n tkwyn mṵdr ạlḍwẖạʾ qạn mʿqsạn. hnạk Ḷwẖạʾ nạtjẗ ʿn trạr ʿmlyạt ạlʿạdm fy nḸạm ạlʿạdm lkl wḭdẗ zmnyẗ, wḶjjjʿạntạn ạlʿạdm fy mạswrẗ ạlʿạdm, wḶwḶạʾ nfkkh nạtjẗ ʿn tdfq ạlhwạʾ ạlkẖạrj mn mạswrẗ ạlʿạdm. ạlʿwạml ạlrạysyẗ ạlty ymkan ạ̉n tsẖtẖr ʿly̱ ạm ạm nạm ạm ạlʿạdm lmjmwʿẗ ạlmwldạt hy: ạlạạmẖ ạlạlạn ạlmḭrk, wqṭr ạlʿạdm, wḭjm ạlʿạdm, wḥjm ạlʿạdm ạlmqdr lmjmwʿẗ ạlmwldạt, wsrʿẗ ạltsẖʿmạlwẗ ạlmwldạt. mjmwʿẗ ạlmwldạt, wmạ ạ̉ly̱ dẖlik. tẖdy zyạdẗ ḥml ạlʿml lmjmwʿẗ ạlmwldạt ẗ zyạdẗ srʿẗ ạlmḭrk ạ̉ly̱ zyạdẗ tdfq ạlgyạmấẗ zyạdẗ ẖwḶạʾ ạlʿạdm.
(2) ạlẖwẖạʾ ạlḵạdrẗ mn nḸạm sḥb ạlhwạʾ. yʿd ạlẖjyj ạlnạtj ʿn nkhạm sḥb ạlhwạʾ ạ̉ḥd ạlḍwẖạʾ ạlrḦysyẗ lmjmwʿẗ mwldạt ạldyzl. ạlsb ạlrḦysy ltkwyn hw ạ̉n mdkạl ạlhwạʾ ytm ftḥh wḥgạlạq bsạl mstmr wfqqạ lṭlb sạlạmạlạlạb. ạlmwldạt, mmạ ytsb fy tgyyr qẖgẖ nḸạm sḥb ạlhwạʾ bsẖkl mstmr wysb ạlḍwẖạʾ. ʿndmạ yʿml nḥạm ạlsḥb, ytm tssẖkyl nbẗ qẖgẖ mʿynẗ fy ạ̉nbwb ạlsḥb, mmạ ytsbb fạạm ạlḥḵ lḶwḶạʾ dwryẗ. yblgẖ nṭạq ạltrdd ạlṣwty lhdẖh ạlẖwẖạʾ bsẖkl ʿạm ḥwạly 200 hrtz. wfy ạlwkt nfsh, ʿndmạ ydkẖl tdf ạlhwạʾ ạ̉ly̱ dạkạl ạlnḥạm, fswf yttdf ʿbr ạ̉nbẖb sạb. fy ṷrd ạlhwạʾ kẖạrj ạljsm. syạdy hdẖạ ạlmwqf ạ̉ly̱̱ ḥdwtẖ ẖwẖạʾ ʿạlyẗ ạltrdd fy nạm sḥb hwạʾ ạlmḥrk. ʿạdẗq mạ ytgyr tdfq ạlhwạʾ fy ạ̉nbwb ạlsḭb bạstmrạr, wbaltạly fạn nṷạq tard hẖh ạlạtạwẍ ạ̉yḍqạ, wytrukz bsẖkl ʿạm ḭwl 1000 hrtz. ʿndmạ yṣl tard ạlḍwẖạʾ ldwrẗ ạlsḥb wʿmwd ạlhwạʾ fy nḸạm ạlsḥb ạḻ̱ ạtsạq, sḥdtẖdạmạmkhtạmạn yạdy ạm ạlsḥb. ykhtlf ạạạtjạ ạlẖjyj ạlnạtj ʿn ạlsạạḥn ạlfạẗqẗ ạlmkhtlfẗ fy mjmwʿạt ạlmwldạt ạlmkhtlf. mn ạlwạḥḥ ạ̉n sẖdẗ ạlḍwḶạʾ lmjmwʿẗ ạlmwldạt ạlmzwʿẗ bsẖạḭn turbyny tkhtlf ʿn mjmwʿẗ ạlmẗ bsẖạḥn turbyny. wyrjʿ dẖlk ạḻ̱ ạlsrʿẗ ạlʿạlyẗ nsbyqạ lmjmwʿẗ ạlmwldạt ạlmzwdẗ bsẖận turbyn, mmạ yjḥʿlạ fy ạlmḭrk yntj tdfq hwạʾ qwyqạ nsbyqạ bsbb qṷʿ ạlhwạʾ, mmạ yjdy ạḻ̱ ạwẖạʾ ʿạld. ytrạwḥ nṷạq tuzyʿ ạltrdd lhdẖh ạlẖwẖạʾ bsẖkl ʿạm byn 500 va 10000 hrtz.
1.2 ạlḍwẖạʾ ạlsṭḥyẗ ạlmsẖʿẗ
bạlmʿny̱ ạldqyq lklmẗ, mn ạlṣʿb ạltmyyz byn ạltmyyz ạlḥsẖʿạʿ ạlsṭḥy lmjmwʿạt mwldạt ạldyz. tḥdtẖ ạlạtrạʾ ạlạḥtrạq bsạl ʿạm bsbb ạhtzạz ạlḥgẖ ạlnạtj ʿn ạḥtrạq ạldyzl dạkẖw ạlạn ʿly̱ ạlmkwnạt ạlmykạnykyẗ llảsṭwạnẗ ạlklyẗ, wbaltạly ysẖʿ qdr mʿyn mn ạlẖwẖạʾ ạḻạ ạl. ạạtẖnạʾ tsẖgyl mjmwʿẗ ạlmwldạt, swf tstmr ạlmkwnẗ ạlmykạnykẗ ạlmkẖtlyfẗ fy ạltạdạdạmạmạm tulyd ạlḍwẖạʾ ạlmykạnykyẗ. ʿạdẗ, ʿndmạ tkwn srʿẗ ạbṭ ạlmwld mnkẖfẗẗ, ykwn ạdẗ ạlạḥtrạq ạlnạtj ạ̉ʿly̱my yạ ạlạ.
- ḥjrạʾạt bnạʾ mḥddẗ ltqlyl ạlḍwẖạʾ fy gẖrf mwldạt ạldyzl
(1) ạstkẖdm wsạdạt mṭạṭyẗ ʿạlyẗ ạlfạʾẗ mmtẗ llṣdmạt lʿzl ạlwḥdẗ. ạ̉ḵbḥ hdẖạ ạljzʾ mn ạltkanwlwjyạ ạlạn nạḶjqạ jdyqạ. bʿd mʿạljẗ ạlʿzl, ytm ʿzl ạlạhtzạz ạlmwjwd ʿly̱ sṭḥ ạlwḭdẗ bsẖkl fʿạl.
(2) ạ̉jrạʾ mʿạljẗ tqlyl ạlẖwẖạʾ ʿlyy qnạẗ ạntsẖạr, wtrkyb wṵlạt tkẖmyd nạʿmẗ ʿlẗmẗ bmjmwʿẗ ạlmwldạt ltqlyl ạlẖsẖʿạʿ ạlkẖạrjy lmṣdr ạlṣwt. wfqqạ lmbdạ̉ kạtm ạlṣwt, ymkan lhykl kạtm ạlẵwt ạstkẖdạm ạtm ẵwt mqạwm. wystkẖdm mạdẗ msạmyẗ mmtẗ llẵwt – rgwẗ ạlmylạmyn, wạlty ytm tartybhạ bṭryqẗ mʿynẗ fy ạlạ̉nbwb. ʿndmạ ymr tdfq ạlhwạʾ ʿbr kạtm ạlẵwt ạlmqạwm, tsbb ạlmwjạt ạlṣwtyẗ ạhtzạzạt fy ạlhảyfẗf msạm rgẖwẗ ạlmylạmyn. bsb ạḥtkạk wạlmqạwmẗ ạllzjẗ, tḥwl ạlḥạqẗ ạlẵwtyẗ ạḻ̱ ạqẗ ḥrạryẗ wytmḵ ḥrạryẗ wytmḵ ạmạtạlạt tảtẖyrqạ ạ̉skạtqạ.
(3) ytkwn kl jdạr mn ạlgẖrfẗ mn ṷbqạt mtʿddẗ mn mwạd tqlyl ạlẖwḶạạ, bmạ fy dẖlq ạlạlạlq ạlsẖbky ạlmmtṣ llṵwt wạllwḭ ạlsẖbky ạlmmtẵ llṵwt. ạ̉n ạ̉ạfẗ jdạr mtṣ llṣwt ạḻ̱ jdạr gẖrfẗ ạlmwld dạkạl gẖrfẗ ạlạlẗ lạ yạdy ftẗ ạlḵdy fy gẖrfẗ ạlḥlẗ mʿ tḥsyn tạtẗyr ʿzl ạlṣwt, bl yạdy ạạlạ̱ạ ạ̉ tkẖfyf ạlmạlạlạ ạlqwyẗ ʿnd tsẖgylhạ ạ̉ly̱ gẖrfẗ ạlẗ. qmẗ.
(4) ʿnd tạmym mdkẖl wmkẖrj ạlhwạʾ, ytm ạạdẖ ạlḥd ạlạ̉dny̱ lmʿạyr ḭjm mdkẖl wmkẖ ạlhạlwạlạl ạlʿạdy llwḥdẗ fy ạlạʿtbạr bsạl kạml. fy ạlwqt nfsh, mn ạl ḭl msẖklẗ tbdyd ḥrạrẗ fy gẖrfẗ ạlḥlẗ, yjb ạlạlẗ, yjb ạlạ mdkẖ ạl ạlh. lmjmwʿẗ ạlmwldạt ʿly̱̱ nfs ạlkẖṭ ạlmstqym. bạạ̉Ḷạfẗ ạ̉ly̱ dẖlk, yjb ạ̉n tkwn ftḥạt dkạl ạlhwạʾ wạlʿạdm mjhzẗ bsẖbkạt mqạwmẵ.
3 – ạlkạlạṣẗ
tʿd ạlḍwẖạʾ ạlạdrẗ ʿn mjmwʿẗ mwldạt ạldyzl ạlkạẗ bḥfạrạt ạlnfặ ạbr mạbr mạdr lạmwᵗ ạlḥfr bạ̉kmlh. lhạ tạtẖyr kbyr ʿly̱ ḥmạyẗ ạlbyẗ wlạ tlby mtạlbẗ nḸạm ạdạrẗ ạlslạmẗ wạlbyạẗ (HSE)ạywẗ,ạ lẗ mnhạ. tjry hdẖh ạlmqạlẗ bḥtẖqạ ʿn ạlẖwẖạʾ ạlnạtjẗ ʿn mjmwʿạt mwldạt ạldyzl, wtwfr ạ̉mḥnḥdạt ltqlyl ạlẖwẖạʾ fy gẖrfẗ mjmwʿẗ ạlmwldạt, wạlty ymkan ạ̉n tufr mrjʿfạ lmwḸfyn ạlmʿny.
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2) wḭdẗ ạmtạẵ ạlṣwt kạmlẗ ạlnṭạq, lwḥ rgẗwẗ ạlmylạmyn ạlmmtẵ llẵwt ạlhrmy.
3) wḭdẗ ạmtḵạẵ ạlṣwt wạmtẵẵ ạlṣdmạt, lwḥ ạlmylạmyn ạmrkb EPDM
4) wḭdạt mkẖṣẗ bạlkạml wfqạ lmẵdr ạlḍwẖạʾ
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